# 1. From rpy2 to numpy
# R vectors or arrays can be converted to numpy arrays using numpy.array() or numpy.asarray().
import numpy as np
ltr = robjects.r.letters
ltr_np = np.asarray(ltr)
print(ltr_np)

# 2. From numpy to rpy2
# The activation (and deactivation) of the automatic conversion of numpy objects into rpy2 objects can be made with:
from rpy2.robjects import numpy2ri
numpy2ri.activate()
numpy2ri.deactivate()